Guided+Textbook+questions

Who Founded Islam? By the Prophet Mohammad

Where and when was Islam founded? On the Arabian Peninsula A.D. 622 is Islamic year one A.H.

What is important about the year 622AD? 622 Mohammad and his followers moved to Medina

What is significant about Mecca? Describe Mecca Mohammad was born about 570 in Mecca a city in the Western part of the Arabian Peninsula Mecca was a bustling trade city linking Southern Arabia with Mediterranean sea Mecca was the home to ancient religious shrine called, Kabah the stone building The people of Mecca were traders they organize themselves into extended families groups called tribes

What is significant about Medina? Describe Medina Meccans persecuted Muhammad and his followers were called Muslims In 622 prophet escape from the Meccans Mohammed accepted an invitation to move to Medina the move from Mecca to Medina by Mohammad and his followers is called the HIJRah

Describe Allah Allah is the one true God for Muslims What is the Quran?
 * Quran is God’s word

List and describe the 5 pillars. Profession of Faith: one God, Mohammad as his messenger Prayer 5 times daily, facing toward Mecca Charity responsibility to the poor Fasting in daytime, during month of Ramadan HAJJ: the pilgrimage to Mecca

List 6 important things Mohammad did. Mohammad came to believe that he had been visited by the Gabriel and that what the angel said were revelations or messages from God The revelations of Muhammad were collected into a book called the Qur’an which Arabic means recitation the Koran is the holy book Muhammad did begin preaching his revelations to the people of Mecca He urged them to worship only one God called Allah, The promised rewards in heaven but only for those who followed God and led a good life He criticized the behavior of wealthy people of Mecca who did not take care of the less fortunate Meccans persecuted Muhammad and his followers were called Muslims In 622 prophet escape from the Meccans Mohammed accepted an invitation to move to Medina the move from Mecca to Medina by Mohammad and his followers is called the HijRah

What was the Kabah? Cube shaped building in the city of Mecca, tribes would come to worship their tribal gods who were in the Kabah. It is the one place where tribal warfare was not permitted.

Describe Mohammad’ s revelation from God. There is one true God and Mohammad is his messenger. He urged them to worship only one God called allah,

Who receives the rewards of heaven? There are promised rewards in heaven but only for those who followed God and led a good life

What did Mohammed say about the wealthy? He criticized the behavior of wealthy people of Mecca who did not take care of the less fortunate

Who persecuted Mohammad? Meccans persecuted Muhammad and his followers who were called Muslims

Define: Muslim Followers of Mohammad

Describe Mohammad’s movement to Medina. In 622 prophet escape from the Meccans Mohammed accepted an invitation to move to Medina the move from Mecca to Medina by Mohammad and his followers is called the HIJRah

What is HIJRAH? The move from Mecca to Medina by Mohammad and his followers is called the HIJRah

What does //AH// mean? After the Hijrah, the movement of Mohammd and his followers from Mecca to Medina


 * 1) Name at least 5 countries where Islam is the largest religion

2. Why might it have been important for Muhammad to return to **Mecca** after the **Hijrah**? Mecca was the Center of the old Arabian religion because Muhammad had fled under threat of death he returned in triumph

3. How might daily life have changed for Arabs who chose to follow **Muhammad** teachings after the founding of Islam? It would have centered around Muslim prayer and teachings

4. List Key event occurring in 632 A.D, 661A.D.,732 A.D., 750 A.D., 1258 A.D. 632 Abu Bakr chosen as the first Caliph 661 Beginning of Umayyad dynasty 750 Abbassid caliphs take power 1258 Mongol’s invade Muslim empire 5. How might the use of a single type of money have united the large Muslim empire: trade would be easier, common currency would promote unity

6. List at least 3 important details about **Abu Bakr** Abu Bakr was Mohamed’s closest friends Abu Bakr was chosen caliph which means successor in Arabic he was considered to protector of the Islamic faith and ruler of the lands Muslims controlled

7. Describe the **Rightly Guided** Caliphs <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Segoe UI','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">Muslim state established; armed expansion

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Segoe UI','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">8.Describe **Umayyad** Caliphs <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Segoe UI','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">661 Umayyads come to power <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Segoe UI','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">Ruled form Damascus <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Segoe UI','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">Conquered east and west advancing into Northern Africa and Spain <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Segoe UI','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">Umayyads became rich and powerful; aroused opposition <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Segoe UI','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">Conflict with Ali, 4th of rightly guided Caliphs, Muhammds cousin and son-in law

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Segoe UI','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">9. Describe **Abbassid** Caliphs

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Segoe UI','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">750 Abbassids overthrow Umayyads and rule from Bagdad <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Segoe UI','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">Abbassids cannot control large empire: Morocco, Spain, Iran and elsewhere local rulers sieze control <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Segoe UI','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">1258 Abbassids overthrown by Mongols from Central asia: end of golden age of Isalm

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'segoe ui','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">10.Name at least 4 important achievements of the Islamic empire <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Segoe UI','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">Sufism (mysticism) deep meditation can lead to direct relationship with God
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Segoe UI','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">Qur’an studies **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Segoe UI','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">: mysticism and law
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Segoe UI','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">Art and architecture **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Segoe UI','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">: Arabic script used for decoration, complex design in stone and tile, beautiful glass, bronze and ivory objects, mosques built
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Segoe UI','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">Astronomy **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Segoe UI','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">: study of stars and planets; observatories, direction of Mecca could only be figured out with this knowledge, astronomical tables developed
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Segoe UI','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">Mathematics **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Segoe UI','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">: Introduced Arabic numerals and concept of zero a from India, work in algebra and geometry
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Segoe UI','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">Medicine **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Segoe UI','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">: Hospitals; Ibn Sina’s Canon of Medicine
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Segoe UI','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">Literature **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Segoe UI','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">: translated Sanskrit, Greek, and Persian works
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Segoe UI','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">Trade **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Segoe UI','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">: extensive network of trade routes linking Asia, Africa and Europe; paper, spices, dyes, glass textiles, spread of early cultures famous works (India, Greek, Persian

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Segoe UI','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">11. Who was **Ali**? <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Segoe UI','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">Ali was Mohammad’s cousin and son in law. HE was opposed by the first wealthy Umayyad ruler. Ali’s supporters became a distinct group of Muslims known as Shi’a. (The majority of Muslims are Sunni)

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Segoe UI','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">12. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Segoe UI','sans-serif'; font-size: 16px;">Describe how the **Shi’a** branch of Islam developed

Sunnis believe that [|Abu Bakr], the father of Muhammad's wife [|Aisha], was Muhammad's rightful successor and that the method of choosing or electing leaders (//[|Shura]//) endorsed by the [|Quran] is the [|consensus] of the //Ummah//, (the Muslim community). Shiites believe that Muhammad divinely ordained his cousin and son-in-law [|Ali] (the father of his grandsons [|Hasan ibn Ali] and [|Hussein ibn Ali]) in accordance with the command of [|God] to be the next caliph making Ali and his direct descendants Muhammad's successors. Ali was married to [|Fatimah], Muhammad's daughter. Muhammad's wife Aisha endorsed her father Abu Bakr as the successor to Muhammad. In the [|Battle of the Camel] (656), Aisha opposed her step son-in-law Ali outside the city of [|Basra] because she wanted justice on the perpetrators of the assassination of the previous caliph, Uthman. Aisha's forces were defeated and the Prophet's widow was respectfully escorted back to Madina. Sunnis follow the //[|Rashidun]// "rightly guided Caliphs", who were the first four caliphs who ruled after the death of Muhammad: Abu Bakr (632-634), [|Umar ibn al-Khattab] (634-644), [|Uthman ibn Affan] (644-656), and Ali Ibn Abi Talib (656-661). Shia theology discounts the legitimacy of the first three caliphs and believe that Ali is the second-most divinely inspired man (after Muhammad) and that he and his descendants by Muhammad's daughter Fatimah daughter of Muhammad's first wife [|Khadijah bint Khuwaylid], the [|Imams], are the sole legitimate Islamic leaders. __http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shi'a%E2%80%93Sunni_relations__